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              <h2 id="学习笔记-Vue的自定义指令及过滤器的使用"><a href="#学习笔记-Vue的自定义指令及过滤器的使用" class="headerlink" title="学习笔记 : Vue的自定义指令及过滤器的使用"></a>学习笔记 : Vue的自定义指令及过滤器的使用</h2><h3 id="指令"><a href="#指令" class="headerlink" title="指令"></a>指令</h3><p><em>先前我们接触过Vue提供的’开箱即用的’指令,如<code>v-bind</code>,<code>v-on</code>,<code>v-model</code>等 . .除了这些指令外,Vue也允许我们使用一些自定义的指令哟~ 一个指令定义对象可以提供如下几个钩子函数 (均为可选) :</em></p>
<ol>
<li><em><code>bind</code> : 只调用一次,指令第一次绑定到元素时调用. 在这里可以进行一次性的初始化设置</em></li>
<li><em><code>inserted</code> : 被绑定元素插入父节点时调用(仅保证父节点存在,但不一定已被插入文档中)</em></li>
<li><em><code>update</code> : 所在组件的VNode更新时调用,但是可能发生在其子VNode更新之前. 指令的值可能发生了改变,也可能没有. 但是你可以通过比较更新前后的值来忽略不必要的模板更新 (详细的钩子函数参数见 : <a href="https://cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/custom-directive.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/custom-directive.html</a>)</em></li>
<li><em><code>componentUpdated</code> : 指令所在组件的VNode及其子VNode全部更新后调用</em></li>
<li><em><code>unbind</code> : 只调用一次,指令与元素解绑时调用</em></li>
</ol>
<h4 id="自定义全局指令"><a href="#自定义全局指令" class="headerlink" title="自定义全局指令"></a>自定义全局指令</h4><p><em>自定义一个全局的指令,用于自定义字体颜色,示例程序如下 :</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs html"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"app"</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">p</span> <span class="hljs-attr">v-color</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"'blueviolet'"</span>&gt;</span>&#123;&#123;msg&#125;&#125;<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">p</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">div</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="actionscript">
	Vue.directive(<span class="hljs-string">'color'</span>, &#123;
		bind: <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span><span class="hljs-params">(el, colorStr)</span> </span>&#123;
			el.style.color = colorStr.value
		&#125;
	&#125;);

	<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> vm = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vue(&#123;
	    el: <span class="hljs-string">'#app'</span>,
		data: &#123;
			msg: <span class="hljs-string">'hi Vue !'</span>
		&#125;
	&#125;);
</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span></code></pre></div>

<p><em>大多情况下,我们可能只想在<code>bind</code>和<code>update</code>钩子上作重复动作,并不想关心其它的钩子,那么就可以这样简写哟 :</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs html"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"app"</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">p</span> <span class="hljs-attr">v-color</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"'blueviolet'"</span>&gt;</span>&#123;&#123;msg&#125;&#125;<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">p</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">div</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="actionscript">
	Vue.directive(<span class="hljs-string">'color'</span>, <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span><span class="hljs-params">(el, colorStr)</span> </span>&#123;
		el.style.color = colorStr.value
	&#125;);

	<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> vm = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vue(&#123;
	    el: <span class="hljs-string">'#app'</span>,
		data: &#123;
			msg: <span class="hljs-string">'hi Vue !'</span>
		&#125;
	&#125;);
</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span></code></pre></div>

<h4 id="自定义私有指令"><a href="#自定义私有指令" class="headerlink" title="自定义私有指令"></a>自定义私有指令</h4><p><em>自定义一个私有的指令,用于自定义字体颜色,其示例程序如下 :</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs html"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"app"</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">p</span> <span class="hljs-attr">v-color</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"'blueviolet'"</span>&gt;</span>&#123;&#123;msg&#125;&#125;<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">p</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">div</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="actionscript">
	<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> vm = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vue(&#123;
		el: <span class="hljs-string">'#app'</span>,
		data: &#123;
			msg: <span class="hljs-string">'hi Vue !'</span>
		&#125;,
		directives: &#123;
			<span class="hljs-string">'color'</span>: &#123;
			    bind: <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span><span class="hljs-params">(el, colorStr)</span> </span>&#123;
					el.style.color = colorStr.value
				&#125;
			&#125;
		&#125;
	&#125;);
</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span></code></pre></div>

<p><em>(同上)可简写为 :</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs html"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"app"</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">p</span> <span class="hljs-attr">v-color</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"'blueviolet'"</span>&gt;</span>&#123;&#123;msg&#125;&#125;<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">p</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">div</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="actionscript">
	<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> vm = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vue(&#123;
		el: <span class="hljs-string">'#app'</span>,
		data: &#123;
			msg: <span class="hljs-string">'hi Vue !'</span>
		&#125;,
		directives: &#123;
		    <span class="hljs-string">'color'</span>: <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span><span class="hljs-params">(el, colorStr)</span> </span>&#123;
			    el.style.color = colorStr.value
			&#125;
		&#125;
	&#125;);
</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span></code></pre></div>


<h3 id="过滤器"><a href="#过滤器" class="headerlink" title="过滤器"></a>过滤器</h3><p><em>Vue.js允许你自定义过滤器,可被用于一些常见的文本格式化,过滤器可以用在两个地方 : <code>双花括号插值</code>和<code>v-bind</code>表达式 (后者从 2.1.0+ 开始支持). 过滤器应该被添加在JavaScript表达式的尾部,由管道符 : <code>|</code> 指示,表达式的值将作为形参传入到<code>filter</code>中,示例代码如下 :</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs html"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"app"</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">h2</span>&gt;</span>&#123;&#123;title&#125;&#125;<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">h2</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">h2</span>&gt;</span>&#123;&#123;title | titleFilter1&#125;&#125;<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">h2</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">h2</span>&gt;</span>&#123;&#123;title | titleFilter1 | titleFilter2&#125;&#125;<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">h2</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">div</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="javascript">
	<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> vm = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vue(&#123;
		<span class="hljs-attr">el</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'#app'</span>,
		<span class="hljs-attr">data</span>: &#123;
			<span class="hljs-attr">title</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'Demo#%Program#%For#%Filter'</span>
		&#125;,
		<span class="hljs-attr">filters</span>: &#123;
			titleFilter1(value) &#123;
				<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> value.replace(<span class="hljs-regexp">/#/g</span>, <span class="hljs-string">' '</span>)
			&#125;,
			titleFilter2(value) &#123;
				<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> value.replace(<span class="hljs-regexp">/%/g</span>, <span class="hljs-string">''</span>)
			&#125;
		&#125;
	&#125;);
</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span></code></pre></div>

<p><em>除在组件中定义filter外,Vue还允许在开发者在全局定义filter,与选项filter不同的是,全局filter可以在任何组件和实例中起作用哟,示例程序如下 :</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs html"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"app"</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">h2</span>&gt;</span>&#123;&#123;title&#125;&#125;<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">h2</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">h2</span>&gt;</span>&#123;&#123;title | titleFilter1&#125;&#125;<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">h2</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">h2</span>&gt;</span>&#123;&#123;title | titleFilter1 | titleFilter2&#125;&#125;<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">h2</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">div</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="javascript">
	Vue.filter(<span class="hljs-string">'titleFilter1'</span>, value =&gt; &#123;
		<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> value.replace(<span class="hljs-regexp">/#/g</span>, <span class="hljs-string">' '</span>)
	&#125;);
	Vue.filter(<span class="hljs-string">'titleFilter2'</span>, value =&gt; &#123;
		<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> value.replace(<span class="hljs-regexp">/%/g</span>, <span class="hljs-string">''</span>)
	&#125;);

	<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> vm = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vue(&#123;
		<span class="hljs-attr">el</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'#app'</span>,
		<span class="hljs-attr">data</span>: &#123;
			<span class="hljs-attr">title</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'Demo#%Program#%For#%Filter'</span>
		&#125;
	&#125;);
</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span></code></pre></div>

<p><em>程序运行效果如下 :</em><br><img src="/2019/07/23/Vue-js%E7%9A%84%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E4%B8%8E%E8%BF%87%E6%BB%A4%E5%99%A8/Vue-filter-demo.PNG" srcset="/img/loading.gif" alt></p>
<h4 id="全局过滤器"><a href="#全局过滤器" class="headerlink" title="全局过滤器"></a>全局过滤器</h4><p><em>定义一个全局filter,用于格式化指定字符,其示例程序如下 :</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs html"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"app"</span>&gt;</span>&#123;&#123;msg | msgFilter('Keep')&#125;&#125;<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">div</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="javascript">
	Vue.filter(<span class="hljs-string">'msgFilter'</span>, <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span>(<span class="hljs-params">msg, filterStr</span>) </span>&#123;
		<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> msg.replace(<span class="hljs-regexp">/Stay/g</span>, filterStr) <span class="hljs-comment">//使用正则表达式匹配字符</span>
	&#125;);

	<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> vm = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vue(&#123;
		<span class="hljs-attr">el</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'#app'</span>,
		<span class="hljs-attr">data</span>: &#123;
			<span class="hljs-attr">msg</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'Stay hungry,Stay foolish ~'</span>
		&#125;
	&#125;);
</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span></code></pre></div>

<h4 id="私有过滤器"><a href="#私有过滤器" class="headerlink" title="私有过滤器"></a>私有过滤器</h4><p><em>定义一个选项filter,用于格式化指定字符,其示例程序如下 :</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs html"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"app"</span>&gt;</span>&#123;&#123;msg | msgFilter('keep')&#125;&#125;<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">div</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="javascript">
    <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> vm = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vue(&#123;
	<span class="hljs-attr">el</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'#app'</span>,
		<span class="hljs-attr">data</span>: &#123;
			<span class="hljs-attr">msg</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'Stay hungry,Stay foolish ~'</span>
		&#125;,
		<span class="hljs-attr">filters</span>: &#123; 
			<span class="hljs-attr">msgFilter</span>: <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span>(<span class="hljs-params">msg, filterStr</span>) </span>&#123;
				<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> msg.replace(<span class="hljs-regexp">/Stay/g</span>, filterStr)
		    &#125;
	    &#125;
	&#125;);
</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span></code></pre></div>
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